![]() Moderate TBI - loss of consciousness and/or PTA for 1–24 hours and a GCS of 9–12 (CDC, 2015).Complicated - mTBI where there are intracranial abnormalities (e.g., bruising or a collection of blood in the brain) seen on CT scan or MRI.Uncomplicated - mTBI where there are no overt neuroimaging findings.Mild TBI (mTBI) - loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes, an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) or Pediatric GCS of 13–15 after 30 minutes of injury onset, and PTA for not greater than 24 hours (CDC, 2015 McCrory et al., 2013 Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, 2013).Severity of TBI may be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, based on the extent and nature of injury, duration of loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia (PTA loss of memory for events immediately following injury), and severity of confusion at initial assessment during the acute phase of injury (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. TBI can result from a primary injury or a secondary injury (see common classifications of TBI for more details). TBI in children is a chronic disease process rather than a one-time event, because symptoms may change and unfold over time (DePompei & Tyler, in press Masel & DeWitt, 2010). The functional impact of TBI in children can be different than in adults-deficits may not be immediately apparent because the pediatric brain is still developing. Symptoms can vary depending on site of lesion, extent of damage to the brain, and the child's age or stage of development. ![]() TBI can cause brain damage that is focal (e.g., gunshot wound), diffuse (e.g., shaken baby syndrome), or both. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a form of nondegenerative acquired brain injury resulting from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head (or body) or a penetrating head injury that disrupts normal brain function (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). See the Traumatic Brain Injury section of the Pediatric Brain Injury Evidence Map for summaries of the available research on this topic. ASHA has a separate Practice Portal resource page on Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults.Ī separate resource on mild traumatic brain injury will be developed in the future. The scope of this page is limited to pediatric traumatic brain injury (ages birth through 21).
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